Which of the following situations would result in a penalty kick being awarded?

A handball in the defensive penalty area is a situation that directly leads to a penalty kick being awarded. According to the Laws of the Game, if a player commits a handball offense inside their own penalty area, the opposing team is granted a penalty kick. This is because the handball is considered a serious infraction that prevents a clear opportunity to score, making the sanction of a penalty kick appropriate to uphold the fairness of the game.

In contrast, an offside call results in an indirect free kick being awarded to the opposing team rather than a penalty kick. Similarly, a throw-in violation leads to a throw-in for the opposing team and not a penalty kick, and an indirect free kick offense requires that the free kick be taken from where the offense occurred, rather than granting a penalty kick. Thus, penalties are specifically reserved for certain offenses within the penalty area, with handballs being one of the clear cases that invoke this punishment.